The Science of Belonging
A growing body of research shows that belonging is one of the strongest predictors of learning, wellbeing and organisational success.
So what does the evidence say?
Learning & Achievement
What the evidence says
Pupils who feel they belong are more engaged, more motivated and achieve better academic outcomes.
Key research
- Gregory Walton (2023)
- Geoffrey Cohen (2022)
- John Hattie (2023)
- PISA (OECD) (2023
Wellbeing
What the evidence says
Belonging strengthens emotional wellbeing, resilience and mental health for both pupils and staff.
Key research
- CASEL (2023)
- OECD (2023)
- Education Support (2025)
- Anna Freud Centre (2024)
Attendance
What the evidence says
When pupils feel connected to school, attendance improves and persistent absence reduces.
Key research
- EEF (2024)
- DfE (2026)
- Attendance research EEF (2019)
Behaviour
What the evidence says
Strong relationships and belonging reduce behaviour incidents and increase positive engagement.
Key research
- Paul Dix (2021)
- Marc Brackett (2025)
- DfE Behaviour Guidance (2024)
Staff Wellbeing & Retention
What the evidence says
Adults who feel they belong are more committed, more collaborative and more likely to remain in the profession.
Key research
- OECD (2025)
- Kelly-Ann Allen (2025)
- Marc Brackett (Yale) (2025)
- Anna Freud Centre (2024)
School Culture
What the evidence says
Schools with a strong sense of belonging develop greater trust, stronger relationships and more sustainable improvement.
Key research
- Michael Fullan (2023)
- Viviane Robinson (2023)
- Simon Sinek (culture) (2019)
- Amy Edmondson (psychological safety) (2023)
Inclusion
What the evidence says
Belonging supports inclusion by ensuring every learner feels recognised, valued and able to participate.
Key research
- UNESCO (2020)
- OECD (2023)
- EEF (2024)
- Booth & Ainscow (Index for Inclusion) (2016)
Leadership
What the evidence says
Leaders shape belonging through culture, relationships, language and everyday decisions.
Key research
- Michael Fullan (2023)
- Viviane Robinson (2023)
- Simon Sinek (2019)
